T E N S E S
Tense adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu (sekarang, masa depan, atau masa lalu) terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa.
Macam-Macam, Fungsi, Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Tenses
1. Present Tense
A. Simple present tense
Simple Present Tense untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang ini.
Rumus:
S + verb-1/be (am/is/are)
Contoh kalimat:
We agree with the
speaker’s opinion.
(Kami setuju dengan opini pembicara.)
She is so beautiful.
(Dia sangat cantik.)
B. Present continuous tense
Present Continous Tense untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau rencana dimasa depan.
Rumus:
S + am/is/are + present participle (-ing)
Contoh kalimat:
I’m driving a car to
Bandung now.
(Saya sedang menyetir mobil ke Bandung sekarang.)
The buses are arriving in an hour.
(Bus-bus tersebut tiba dalam satu jam.)
C. Present perfect tense
Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Rumus:
S + have/has + past participle (verb-3)
Contoh kalimat:
I’ve read this book.
(Saya sudah membaca buku ini.)
I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
(Saya telah tinggal di Cilegon selama 3 bulan.)
DPresent perfect continuous tense
Present perfect continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.
Rumus:
S + have/has + been + present participle (-ing)
Contoh kalimat:
The toddlers have been playing a
ball for an hour.
(Balita-balita itu telah bermain bola selama satu jam.)
The construction labors are thirsty since they have been removing the scaffoldings.
(Pekerja konstruksi haus karena mereka telah memindahkan perancah.)
2. Simple past tense
A. Simple past tense
Simple past tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus:
S + verb-2/be (was/were)
Contoh kalimat:
The party started at
10.00 a.m.
(Pesta dimulai jam 10 pagi.)
I was really busy yesterday.
(Saya benar-benar sibuk kemarin.)
B. Past continuous tense
Past Continous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Rumus:
S + was/were + present participle (-ing)
Contoh kalimat:
The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.
(Tim bermain basket sepanjang hari kemarin.)
C. Past perfect tense
Past perfect tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.
Rumus:
S + had + past participle (verb-3)
Contoh kalimat:
When he came last night, the cake had run out.
(Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.
D. Past perfect continuous tense
Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu dimasa lalu.
Rumus:
S + had + been + present participle (-ing)
Contoh kalimat:
The labors had been demonstrating for an hour when the manager came.
(Pekerja telah berdemonstrasi selama satu jam ketika manager datang.)
3. Future Tense
A. Simple future tense
Simple future tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan, secara spontan atau terencana.
Rumus:
S + will + bare infinitive
S + be (is/am/are) + going to + bare infinitive)
Contoh kalimat:
You will win the
game.
(Kamu akan memenangkan permainan tersebut.)
I am going to meet him
tomorrow.
(Saya akan menemuinya besok.)
B. Future continuous tense
Future continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Rumus:
S + will + be + present participle (-ing)
Contoh kalimat:
He will be sleeping at
10 p.m.
(Dia akan sedang tidur pada jam 10 malam.)
C. Future perfect tense
Future perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aktivitas akan sudah selesai pada suatu titik waktu di masa depan.
Rumus:
S + will + have + past participle (verb-3)
Contoh kalimat:
At this time next month, I’ll have finished my
English course.
(Pada waktu yang sama bulan depan, saya akan telah menyelesaikan kursus bahasa
Inggris.)
D. Future perfect continuous tense
Future perfect continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi akan sudah berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Rumus:
S + will + have + been + present participle (-ing)
Contoh kalimat:
I will have been sleeping long when you get home.
(Saya akan telah lama tidur ketika kamu pulang ke rumah.)
4. Past Future Tense
A. Simple past future tense
Simple past future tense
Simple past future tense untuk menyatakan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan, membuat prediksi, dan membuat janji di masa depan pada saat berada dimasa lalu.
Rumus:
S + would + bare infinitive
Contoh kalimat:
He would forgive you.
(Dia akan memaafkanmu.)
B. Past future continuous tense
Past future continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan aksi atau situasi imajiner yang sedang berlangsung apabila unreal condition-nya terpenuhi (present continuous conditional ~ conditional sentence type 2 dengan continuous tense).
Rumus:
S + would + be + present participle (-ing)
Contoh kalimat:
I would be attending the
conference if I was in Jakarta.
(Saya akan sedang menghadiri konferensi tersebut jika saya ada di Jakarta.)
Fakta:
but I’m not in Jakarta (tapi saya tidak di Jakarta)
C. Past future perfect tense
Past future perfect tense untuk membicarakan suatu aksi yang tidak terjadi di masa lalu (conditional sentence type 3).
Rumus:
S + would + have + past participle (verb-3)
Contoh kalimat:
If you had saved your jewelry and foreign currency in a safety deposit box, they wouldn’t have gone.
(Jika kamu telah menyimpan perhiasan dan mata uang asingmu di safety deposit box, mereka tidak akan hilang.)
D.Past future perfect continuous tense
Past future perfect continuous tense imajiner sedang berlangsung pada titik tertentu atau selama periode tertentu di masa lampau (perfect continuous conditional ~ conditional type 3 dengan continuous).
Rumus:
S + would + have + been + present participle (-ing)
Contoh kalimat:
If his Visa had been approved, he would have been working abroad for a week.
(Jika visa dia telah disetujui, dia akan telah bekerja selama seminggu.)
Fakta:
but his Visa wasn’t approved (tapi Visa-nya tidak disetujui)
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