Sekilas Mengenai Negara Hong Kong
SekolahNews – Menurut sejarah, China adalah jajahan (koloni) Inggris lebih dari 150 tahun. Inggris merebut Pulau Hong Kong pada 1842 setelah mengalahkan Cina dalam Perang Candu Pertama. Setelah Perang Candu Kedua, Beijing dipaksa menyerahkan Kowloon, kawasan di seberang Hong Kong, pada 1860.
Tahun 1898 Inggris menyewa lahan yang berada di sisi utara atau sering disebut New Territories dengan janji akan mengembalikannya kembali ke Cina dalam 99 tahun.
China menyewakan sisa wilayah Hong Kong ke Inggris selama 99 tahun, seperti dilaporkan BBC News. Di bawah kekuasaan Inggris, Hong Kong menjadi pelabuhan perdagangan yang selalu ramai dan berdampak pada pertumbuhan ekonominya yang tinggi sekitar tahun 1950-an. Hal ini disebabkan wilayah itu menjadi pusat manufaktur. Akibatnya banyak warga China yang pindah ke Hong Kong untuk mencari kehidupan yang lebih baik.
Pada tahun 1984 Inggris setuju mengembalikan Hong Kong ke China pada tahun 1997 dengan prinsipnya yang unik yakni “satu negara, dengan dua sistem”. Hongkong hingga sekarang diakui sebagai Daerah Administratif Khusus Republik Rakyat China (RRC). Dengan demikian, memungkinkan Hongkong untuk mendapatkan hak otonomi tingkat tinggi, bebas dalam mempertahankan sistem kapitalis, sistem peradilan yang independen dan penegakan hukum yang rigid, menganut sistem perdagangan bebas, dan warganya menganut sistem berdemokrasi (bebas dalam mengeluarkan pendapat).
Hong Kong berkembang menjadi penghubung perdagangan dan pusat keuangan dunia, dan dianggap sebagai salah satu kota global bersama New York, London, Tokyo, dan Paris. Ekonomi berbasis jasa, pajak rendah dan perdagangan bebas, dan mata uang negara ini (Dolar Hong Kong) adalah mata uang Hong Kong sering dicari di dunia ini. Hong Kong memiliki jaringan transportasi umum yang sangat baik, dan hampir 90% penduduk menggunakan transportasi massal, baik kereta maupun bis.
Sektor pariwisata Hongkong merupakan tonggak utama perekonomian. Beberapa tujuan wisatanya :
- Kowloon: Star Ferry, Avenue of Stars, dan Tsim Sha Tsui.
- Hongkong: Victoria Harbour, Victoria Park, Aberdeen, Ocean Park, Menara Bank of China, Hongkong Convention and Exhibition Centre.
- Lantau: Tian Tan Budha, Tai O, Hongkong Disney Land, Hongkong Disney Land Resort, Jembatan Tingkau, Jembatan Tsing Ma.
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